1) What is PHP?
PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor. It is an open source server-side scripting language which is widely used for web development. It supports many databases like MySQL, Oracle, Sybase, Solid, PostgreSQL, generic ODBC etc.
2) What is PEAR in PHP?
PEAR is a framework and repository for reusable PHP components. PEAR stands for PHP Extension and Application Repository. It contains all types of PHP code snippets and libraries.
It also provides a command line interface to install “packages” automatically.
3) Who is known as the father of PHP?
Rasmus Lerdorf
4) What was the old name of PHP?
The old name of PHP was Personal Home Page.
5) Explain the difference b/w static and dynamic websites?
In static websites, content can’t be changed after running the script. You can’t change anything on the site. It is predefined.
In dynamic websites, content of script can be changed at the run time. Its content is regenerated every time a user visit or reload. Google, yahoo and every search engine is the example of dynamic website.
6) What is the name of scripting engine in PHP?
The scripting engine that powers PHP is called Zend Engine 2.
7) Explain the difference between PHP4 and PHP5.
PHP4 doesn’t support oops concept and uses Zend Engine 1.
PHP5 supports oops concept and uses Zend Engine 2.
8) What are the popular Content Management Systems (CMS) in PHP?
WordPress: WordPress is a free and open-source content management system (CMS) based on PHP & MySQL. It includes a plug-in architecture and template system. It is mostly connected with blogging but supports another kind of web content, containing more traditional mailing lists and forums, media displays, and online stores.
Joomla: Joomla is a free and open-source content management system (CMS) for distributing web content, created by Open Source Matters, Inc. It is based on a model-view-controller web application framework that can be used independently of the CMS.
Magento: Magento is an open source E-trade programming, made by Varien Inc., which is valuable for online business. It has a flexible measured design and is versatile with many control alternatives that are useful for clients. Magento utilizes E-trade stage which offers organization extreme E-business arrangements and extensive support network.
Drupal: Drupal is a CMS platform developed in PHP and distributed under the GNU (General Public License).
9) What are the popular frameworks in PHP?
CakePHP
CodeIgniter
Yii 2
Symfony
Zend Framework etc.
10) Which programming language does PHP resemble to?
PHP has borrowed its syntax from Perl and C.
11) List some of the features of PHP7.
Scalar type declarations
Return type declarations
Null coalescing operator (??)
Spaceship operator
Constant arrays using define()
Anonymous classes
Closure::call method
Group use declaration
Generator return expressions
Generator delegation
Space ship operator
12) What is “echo” in PHP?
PHP echo output one or more string. It is a language construct not a function. So the use of parentheses is not required. But if you want to pass more than one parameter to echo, the use of parentheses is required.
Syntax:
void echo ( string $arg1 [, string $… ] )
More details…
13) What is “print” in PHP?
PHP print output a string. It is a language construct not a function. So the use of parentheses is not required with the argument list. Unlike echo, it always returns 1.
Syntax:
int print ( string $arg)
14) What is the difference between “echo” and “print” in PHP?
Echo can output one or more string but print can only output one string and always returns 1.
Echo is faster than print because it does not return any value.
15) How a variable is declared in PHP?
A PHP variable is the name of the memory location that holds data. It is temporary storage.
Syntax:
$variableName=value;
16) What is the difference between $message and $$message?
$message stores variable data while $$message is used to store variable of variables.
$message stores fixed data whereas the data stored in $$message may be changed dynamically.
17) What are the ways to define a constant in PHP?
PHP constants are name or identifier that can’t be changed during execution of the script. PHP constants are defined in two ways:
Using define() function
Using const() function
18) What are magic constants in PHP?
PHP magic constants are predefined constants, which change based on their use. They start with a double underscore () and end with a double underscore ().
19) How many data types are there in PHP?
PHP data types are used to hold different types of data or values. There are 8 primitive data types which are further categorized in 3 types:
Scalar types
Compound types
Special types
20) How to do single and multi line comment in PHP?
PHP single line comment is made in two ways:
Using // (C++ style single line comment)
Using # (Unix Shell style single line comment)
PHP multi-line comment is made by enclosing all lines within.
21) What are the different loops in PHP?
For, while, do-while and for each.
22) What is the use of count() function in PHP?
The PHP count() function is used to count total elements in the array, or something an object.
23) What is the use of header() function in PHP?
The header() function is used to send a raw HTTP header to a client. It must be called before sending the actual output. For example, you can’t print any HTML element before using this function.
24) What does isset() function?
The isset() function checks if the variable is defined and not null.
25) Explain PHP parameterized functions.
PHP parameterized functions are functions with parameters. You can pass any number of parameters inside a function. These given parameters act as variables inside your function. They are specified inside the parentheses, after the function name. Output depends upon dynamic values passed as parameters into the function.
26) Explain PHP variable length argument function
PHP supports variable length argument function. It means you can pass 0, 1 or n number of arguments in function. To do this, you need to use 3 ellipses (dots) before the argument name. The 3 dot concept is implemented for variable length argument since PHP 5.6.
27) Explain PHP variable length argument function.
PHP supports variable length argument function. It means you can pass 0, 1 or n number of arguments.
28) What is the array in PHP?
An array is used to store multiple values in a single value. In PHP, it orders maps of pairs of keys and values. It saves the collection of the data type.
29) How many types of array are there in PHP?
There are three types of array in PHP:
Indexed array: an array with a numeric key.
Associative array: an array where each key has its specific value.
Multidimensional array: an array containing one or more arrays within itself.
30) Explain some of the PHP array functions?
There are many array functions in PHP:
array()
array_change_key_case()
array_chunk()
count()
sort()
array_reverse()
array_search()
array_intersect()
31) What is the difference between indexed and associative array?
The indexed array holds elements in an indexed form which is represented by number starting from 0 and incremented by 1. For example:
$season=array(“summer”,”winter”,”spring”,”autumn”);
The associative array holds elements with name. For example:
$salary=array(“Sonoo”=>”350000″,”John”=>”450000″,”Kartik”=>”200000”);
32) How to get the length of string?
The strlen() function is used to get the length of the string.
More Details…
33) Explain some of the PHP string functions?
There are many array functions in PHP:
strtolower()
strtoupper()
ucfirst()
lcfirst()
ucwords()
strrev()
strlen()
More details…
34) What are the methods to submit form in PHP?
There are two methods GET and POST.
35) How can you submit a form without a submit button?
You can use JavaScript submit() function to submit the form without explicitly clicking any submit button.
36) What are the ways to include file in PHP?
PHP allows you to include file so that page content can be reused again. There are two ways to add the file in PHP.
37) Differentiate between require and include?
Require and include both are used to include a file, but if data is not found include sends warning whereas require sends Fatal error.
38) Explain setcookie() function in PHP?
PHP setcookie() function is used to set cookie with HTTP response. Once the cookie is set, you can access it by $_COOKIE superglobal variable.
Syntax:
bool setcookie ( string $name [, string $value [, int $expire = 0 [, string $path
[, string $domain [, bool $secure = false [, bool $httponly = false ]]]]]] )
39) How can you retrieve a cookie value?
echo $_COOKIE [“user”];
40) What is a session?
PHP Engine creates a logical object to preserve data across subsequent HTTP requests, which is known as session.
Sessions generally store temporary data to allow multiple PHP pages to offer a complete functional transaction for the same user.
